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- There has been a notable shift in permanent residence policies, with European countries placing increasing emphasis on integration requirements. This article focuses on monetary requirements by exploring how immigrants perceive the income requirement for permanent residence through 29 interviews conducted with a diverse group of immigrants in Norway. A striking finding in our material is that most interviewees view the income requirement as unjust or illegitimate, and rather than providing motivation, it instead adds an extra layer of concern. Additionally, the requirement fosters a sense of being less valued compared to the majority population and of being unwanted. Although most interviewees are against the income requirement, suggesting that class has no explanatory value for understanding the legal consciousness of the participants, we identified at least three distinct narratives within their opposition that appear to be class-based. Thus, we advocate for ‘bringing class back in’ to legal consciousness studies.Forskere: Mariann Stærkebye Leirvik, Tone Liodden, Helga Eggebø
- Forskere: Julia Olsen, Michael Bravo
- Forskere: Caroline M. Fassina, Lana R. Almeida, Elisabeth Morris-Webb, Luciana Y. Xavier, Graziela, D. Blanco, Luisa M. Diele-Viegas, Leandra Regina Gonçalves
- As global warming increases, the topic of overshoot, understood as the temporary exceedance of the 1.5°C limit of the Paris Agreement, is gaining prominence both in scientific and political spheres. However, overshoot and its implications for adaptation in the short – and long-term remain unexplored. In this Perspective, we reflect on the current use of global climate scenarios and local impact projections in science-based adaptation planning. The risks arising from overshoot scenarios in relation to the transgression of limits to adaptation and impact irreversibility are highlighted. We find that the prospects of potential long-term impact reversibility may have limited relevance in most adaptation decision-making contexts, indicating that it might be peak warming, rather than a long-term outcome, that determines adaptation needs and costs. While overshoot may not be relevant for short-term planning, it should be considered for long-term plans and policies, for example for infrastructure-based measures and for irreversible impacts such as sea-level rise. Key insights from adaptation practitioners in four diverse urban vulnerability contexts (Bodø, Lisbon, Nassau, Islamabad) are presented on how these risks are perceived and integrated (or not) into local planning and policy-making. We find that current adaptation planning must be extensively evaluated against a wider set of future global climate outcomes to incorporate risks of transgression of local limits to adaptation and overshoot. To this end, data gaps on adaptation limits and impact reversibility need to be filled and capacity building needs on climate scenarios, overshoot and related concepts for local adaptation practitioners should be addressed.Forskere: Emily Theokritoff, Quentin Lejeune, Hugo P. Costa, Khadija Irfan, Mariam Saleh Khan, Chahan M. Kropf, Helena Gonzales Lindberg, Inês Gomes Marques, Inga Menke, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner, Adelle Thomas, Tiago Capela Lourenço
- This concluding chapter revisits the main themes of the book, synthesising the chapter authors’ insights into the conditions required for waste to become an urban mine. Our focus on the case of Norway’s experiences with urban mining has enabled us to investigate the evolution of institutionalised practices, policymaking, public and private activities, and changes in the ways that natural resources are valued, used and disposed of. Norwegian recycling institutions have been examined in the book from different empirical and theoretical perspectives. Four shared lessons have emerged from these analyses, namely: (i) that issues of ownership and responsibility distinguish urban mining from traditional mining, particularly in relation to households; (ii) that robust social institutions are critical for supporting the emergence and sustainability of urban mining; (iii) that constructive interaction is essential between national, regional and local levels of governance and with market actors to shape urban mining as an emergent institution; and (iv) that urban mining needs to be integrated within broader sustainability strategies for deeper systemic change. Ultimately, the success of urban mining depends on institutional adaptation and a shift away from an extractivist mindset towards a more sustainable, circular-economy approach.Forskere: Leticia Antunes Nogueira, Brigt Dale, Håkan Torleif Sandersen
- Forskere: Elisabeth Morris-Webb, Martin Austin, Thora Tenbrink
- This brief presents a scoping review of the developments related to deep-sea mining, an emerging industry that has received opposition from a coalition of 32 countries due to its negative environmental and social impact. However, the Norwegian government initiated an opening process for deep-sea mining activities in the Norwegian continental shelf in January 2024, but subsequently, in December 2024, the plans for further exploration were suspended due to opposition from environmental groups, international institutions, and the Socialist Left Party in Norway. The scoping review identifies the emerging political, economic, social, technological and legal debates related to deep-sea mining activities in the Norwegian context. The results in the brief provide an overview of the key scientific debates and the knowledge uncertainties related to deep-sea mining from the perspective of the different stakeholders (government, industry, scientific research community, NGOs). The findings in the scoping literature review extend the previous scholarship on deep-sea mining by consolidating the fragmented scholarship and identifying the points of convergence across them.Forskere: Suyash Jolly
- Forskere: Halvard Vike, Ailin Aastvedt, Christian Lo
- Forskere: Marte Lange Vik, Geir Olav Knappe, Rasmus Nedergård Steffansen, Jin Xue, Aase-Kristine Aasen Lundberg
- The United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent the most ambitious and encompassing global framework for ecological, economic, and social sustainability for our planet to date. However, the relevance of the global goals to local actions remains elusive and opaque, which presents a real risk that society will be unable to adapt to growing environmental risks, such as climate change. Thus emerges the need for a responsible and ethical SDG localization process. We use a normative approach to engage a local extended peer community, which took the form of an interactive, day-long workshop. This paper describes how the T.R.U.S.T ethos of post-normal science is used to co-design and implement the workshop, which is then reviewed as a heuristic inquiry using the Three Spheres of Transformation framework for sustainability. The result of this workshop is a realization of the extended peer community that the interconnectedness of personal values, community values, and the SDGs can set a more coherent path for local collaboration across sectors. As such, this mode of using the T.R.U.S.T ethos of PNS and Three Spheres of Transformation frameworks in the SDG localization process represents an ethical approach in post-normal science.Forskere: Jessica Leyla Fuller, Maiken Bjørkan, Lisbeth Iversen, Johanna Myrseth Aarflot, Dorothy Jane Dankel