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- There has been a notable shift in permanent residence policies, with European countries placing increasing emphasis on integration requirements. This article focuses on monetary requirements by exploring how immigrants perceive the income requirement for permanent residence through 29 interviews conducted with a diverse group of immigrants in Norway. A striking finding in our material is that most interviewees view the income requirement as unjust or illegitimate, and rather than providing motivation, it instead adds an extra layer of concern. Additionally, the requirement fosters a sense of being less valued compared to the majority population and of being unwanted. Although most interviewees are against the income requirement, suggesting that class has no explanatory value for understanding the legal consciousness of the participants, we identified at least three distinct narratives within their opposition that appear to be class-based. Thus, we advocate for ‘bringing class back in’ to legal consciousness studies.Forskere: Mariann Stærkebye Leirvik, Tone Liodden, Helga Eggebø
- Forskere: Julia Olsen, Michael Bravo
- As global warming increases, the topic of overshoot, understood as the temporary exceedance of the 1.5°C limit of the Paris Agreement, is gaining prominence both in scientific and political spheres. However, overshoot and its implications for adaptation in the short – and long-term remain unexplored. In this Perspective, we reflect on the current use of global climate scenarios and local impact projections in science-based adaptation planning. The risks arising from overshoot scenarios in relation to the transgression of limits to adaptation and impact irreversibility are highlighted. We find that the prospects of potential long-term impact reversibility may have limited relevance in most adaptation decision-making contexts, indicating that it might be peak warming, rather than a long-term outcome, that determines adaptation needs and costs. While overshoot may not be relevant for short-term planning, it should be considered for long-term plans and policies, for example for infrastructure-based measures and for irreversible impacts such as sea-level rise. Key insights from adaptation practitioners in four diverse urban vulnerability contexts (Bodø, Lisbon, Nassau, Islamabad) are presented on how these risks are perceived and integrated (or not) into local planning and policy-making. We find that current adaptation planning must be extensively evaluated against a wider set of future global climate outcomes to incorporate risks of transgression of local limits to adaptation and overshoot. To this end, data gaps on adaptation limits and impact reversibility need to be filled and capacity building needs on climate scenarios, overshoot and related concepts for local adaptation practitioners should be addressed.Forskere: Emily Theokritoff, Quentin Lejeune, Hugo P. Costa, Khadija Irfan, Mariam Saleh Khan, Chahan M. Kropf, Helena Gonzales Lindberg, Inês Gomes Marques, Inga Menke, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner, Adelle Thomas, Tiago Capela Lourenço
- Forskere: Elisabeth Morris-Webb, Martin Austin, Thora Tenbrink
- Forskere: Halvard Vike, Ailin Aastvedt, Christian Lo
- Forskere: Marte Lange Vik, Geir Olav Knappe, Rasmus Nedergård Steffansen, Jin Xue, Aase-Kristine Aasen Lundberg
- Forskere: Jessica Leyla Fuller, Maiken Bjørkan, Lisbeth Iversen, Johanna Myrseth Aarflot, Dorothy Jane Dankel
- Forskere: Åge Mariussen, Seija Virkkala, Antti Mäenpää
- Forskere: Brigt Dale
- Ecosystems in the Arctic are affected by multiple stressors caused by climate and environmental changes, increased pollution and human activities. The changes are unprecedented, with considerable scientific uncertainties over their potential consequences. In such a situation the use of the precautionary principle can be justified in environmental management. The principle is still contested, and its implementation needs careful considerations to be experienced as legitimate. This article will use the new regulatory amendments in Svalbard as a case to examine what preconditions must be in place to maintain legitimacy in environmental policy making when the precautionary principle is being applied. Based on a compilation of ship positional data, we assess the spatio-temporal distribution of cruise ships in Svalbard from 2011 to 2022 and the potential impacts on selected species. We then discuss the legitimacy of the regulatory amendments and the application of the precautionary principle. Our results show significant growth in the amount, distribution, and mileage of expedition cruise vessels' length of travel. While a precautionary approach to management is wise in a situation in which more stressors than ever are threatening Arctic wildlife, a more transparent and inclusive regulatory process would have strengthened the legitimacy of regulations and reduced conflict.Forskere: Kristin Løseth, Halvor Dannevig, Anna Guðbjört Sveinsdóttir, Grete Kaare Hovelsrud, Robert Schlegel, Sebastien Descamps