The construction and demolition sector is responsible for more greenhouse gas emissions and more virgin material extraction than any other industry. The detrimental impact on the environment associated with this sector could be reduced through increased reuse and recycling of construction and demolition waste (CDW), such as concrete and soil. However, complex institutional and economic challenges stand in the way of a shift towards intensive urban mining of such waste materials and away from the resource-intensive practices traditionally associated with the construction sector. Unlike electronic waste, CDW cannot be transported long distances except at high cost, a fact that lends CDW mining a distinctively local and regional character. This chapter explores how local institutions can facilitate the mining and recycling of CDW, drawing on practical experiences from cities in Norway, Denmark and the Netherlands that have implemented circularity initiatives for this waste stream. Evidence highlights the need for a holistic approach that optimises the entire value chain for circularity, and suggests that mining and local recycling of CDW can be economically viable if they are supported by institutions that promote trust, communication and collaboration among stakeholders.